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Burŷ al-Ḥamma برج الحمة

Today: Baños de la Encina, Spain

Years: 967–1225

Burŷ al-Ḥamma guarded the pass from the Sierra Morena into the Guadalquivir valley. Its castle, Burgalimar, carries a plaque of al-Ḥakam II dated 967 or 968, but excavations place it between the late 11th and the early 12th century, so its foundation is disputed. It changed hands several times from 1147 and was Castilian for good from 1225.

What to see today

Castillo de Burgalimar (Burŷ al-Ḥamma): Castle, c. 967 to 1200

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