Ciudadela de Pamplona

Today: Ciudadela de Pamplona, Pamplona

Place: Pamplona
Kind: Fort
Built: 1571 to 1645
What remains: Standing
Visiting: Open to visit

A Renaissance fortress that Felipe II ordered built in 1571, designed by the military engineer Giacomo Palearo with the viceroy Vespasiano Gonzaga y Colonna, on a five-pointed star plan with a bastion at each point. It is considered complete in 1645, and half-moons were added in 1685 and in the first half of the 18th century. It lost its military use in 1964; three of its five bastions survive, and it is now a park with buildings used for cultural events.

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